In order to successfully optimize the pervaporation process, it is essential to work with actual fruit juice. The influences of various operating parameters such as feed flow rate, feed temperature and permeate pressure on the permeate flux and selectivity were investigated. For this purpose, three compounds that make a significant contribution to lemon juice aroma, namely, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and limonene were studied.
RESULTS: It was shown that decreasing the permeate pressure increased both permeation flux and enrichment
factor, while an increase in feed temperature increased the water flux more significantly than the aroma compounds flux, resulting in lower enrichment factor. Also, the results indicated that feed flow rate had no significant effect on the performance of the process.
CONCLUSION: The membrane used was found to be very selective towards alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and limonene. It can be concluded that Cyclopamine cost pervaporation is an attractive technology for the recovery of lemon aroma compounds as it yields good separation and operates under mild conditions.
(C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Five new flavonoid glycosides, namely nervilifordins F-J (1-5), were isolated from the 60% EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Nerviliafordii, along with three first isolated flavonoids (7, 8, and 13) and five known flavonoids (6, 9-12). The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS studies. Their anti-inflammatory activities were this website tested by measuring their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 2 and 5 showed interesting inhibition effects with their EC50 values of 15.15M and 14.80M, respectively.”
“BACKGROUND: Nitrite is toxic to anoxic phosphorus uptake when it exceeds a threshold concentration. In this study, denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite as electron acceptor was investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated using a real-time step feed strategy.
RESULTS: The nitrite pulse concentration was initially determined by batch experiments. pH increased with use of nitrite
for phosphate uptake, and decreased when the nitrite was used up. Nitrite was added promptly after the pH reached the peak PF-6463922 value, and phosphate uptake continued, driven by the nitrite addition. The pH was adjusted to 7.50 using HCl with each pulse of nitrite addition. ORP could be used to determine the endpoint of denitrifiying phosphorus removal. However, the variation of second derivative of ORP with time was much more sensitive and should be a more suitable control parameter than ORP itself to determine the endpoint of denitrifying phosphorus removal.
CONCLUSION: Compared with denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrate as electron acceptor, denitrifying phosphorus removal with nitrite using real-time step feed can save 22.