After bariatric surgery, theoretically, reduced drug absorption may occur. Nutlin-3 in vivo Correct dosing and choosing the right dosage form for drugs used by patients after bariatric surgery are necessary for optimal pharmacotherapy. Therefore, more clinical studies are needed on the influence of bariatric surgery on the pharmacokinetics of major drugs.”
“Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in liver transplant candidates and control healthy subjects.

Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty two liver transplant candidates (LTC) (study group) and 42 control

subjects. Digital panoramic radiographs where used. Periapical status was scored according to the periapical index (PAI). Results were analysed statistically using the Chi-squared test and logistic regression.

Results: Radiographic signs of AP in one or more teeth was found

in 79% of patients in the study group and in 50% of control subjects (p = 0.008; OR = 3.7; C. I. 95% = 1.4 – 9.5). One or more root-filled teeth (RFT) were found in 19% and 62% of study and control subjects, respectively (p = 0.0001; OR = 0.14; 95% C. I. = 0.05 – 0.38). Among LTC patients 14.7% of the teeth had AP, whereas in the control subjects 4.2% of teeth were affected (p = 0.0002). GSK1904529A The percentage of RFT in the study and control groups was 1.5% and 6.8%, respectively selleck products (p = 0.0002).

Conclusions: Liver transplant candidates have significantly higher prevalence of radiographic periapical lesions and lower frequency of RFT than controls healthy subjects.”
“This study verified the effectiveness and the potential

toxic impact of PERACLEAN (R) Ocean ballast water treatment for very cold freshwater (0.1-0.5 degrees C) in real ballast tank (750 M) conditions aboard a ship and in large-volume (4.5 m(3)) polyethylene tanks. Concentrations of peracetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) gradually dropped by 41-59% over 5 days. The treatment altered the quality of the treated waters by causing a pH drop of 0.9-1.3 units and a fourfold to sevenfold increase in dissolved organic carbon and organophosphates concentrations. More than 90% of the biomass of free-floating micro-organisms and viable phytoplankton were eliminated within 48 h after treatment. The treatment resulted in 100% mortality in caged fish exposed to treated waters but was totally ineffective against adult zebra mussels and some nematods living in tank sediments. Toxic response from ecotoxicological assays indicated that treated waters after 5 days should be diluted by a factor of 1:2 to 1:200 to reduce toxicity below selected endpoints of acute lethality tests. On the basis of PAA degradation rate, fresh waters treated with 100-ppm PERACLEAN (R) Ocean should be kept in ballast tanks for 15-20 days after treatment to reduce toxicity.