We evaluate the performance of the various models through simulation both when the models are correct and under model misspecification.
Results: Both models exhibited similar performance, as measured by the probability of correctly identifying the optimal dose and the number of
subjects GSK923295 mouse treated at the optimal dose, regardless of whether the data were generated from the correct or incorrect copula, even when there is substantial correlation between the two outcomes. Similar results were observed for a simple model that assumes independence, even in the presence of strong correlation. Further simulation results indicate that estimating the correlation parameter in copula models is difficult PFTα inhibitor with the sample sizes used in Phase I-II clinical trials.
Conclusions: Our simulation results indicate that the operating characteristics of phase I-II clinical trials are robust to misspecification
of the copula model but that a simple model that assumes independence performs just as well due to difficulty in estimating the copula model correlation parameters from binary data.”
“Alginate microgels with varied shapes, such as mushroom-like, hemi-spherical, red blood cell-like, and others, were generated by combining microfluidic and external ionic crosslinking methods. learn more This novel method allows a continuous fine tuning of the microgel
particles shape by simply varying the gelation conditions, e. g., viscosity of the gelation bath, collecting height, interfacial tension. The release behavior of iopamidol-loaded alginate microgel particles with varied morphologies shows significant differences. Our technique can also be extended to microgels formation from different anionic biopolymers, providing new opportunities to produce microgels with various anisotropic dimensions for the applications in drug delivery, optical devices, and in advanced materials formation. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org.elibrary.einstein.yu.edu/10.1063/1.4720396]“
“Accumulating evidence suggests that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) might be involved in the neurodevelopment, neural plasticity, GABAergic neurotransmission, and pathogenesis of schizophrenia. NRG1 is abundantly expressed in the hippocampus, and emerging studies have begun to reveal the link between NRG1 signaling and cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients. Because the transmembrane domain of NRG1 is vital for both forward and reverse signaling cascades, new Nrg1-deficient mice that carry a truncation of the transmembrane domain of the Nrg1 gene were characterized and used in this study to test a NRG1 loss-of-function hypothesis for schizophrenia.