Ti4+ as an acceptor B-site dopant reduces the leakage current by an order of magnitude, while the polarization values showed a slight degradation. Mn4+, however, was found to effectively suppress the leakage current by over two orders of magnitude while enhancing the polarization, with 15 and 23 mu C/cm(2) remanent and saturated polarization, whose values are similar to 70% and 82% of the reported values for bulk composition. This phenomenon has been associated

with the dual effect of Mn4+ in KNN-LT-LS thin film, by substituting both A- and B-site cations. A detailed description on how each dopant affects the concentrations of vacancies in the lattice is presented. Mn-doped KNN-LT-LS thin films are shown to be a promising candidate for lead-free thin films and applications. (C) 2009 American Institute

of Physics. find more [DOI: 10.1063/1.3120922]“
“The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of temperature (15-35 degrees C), pH (3-9), and dipping time (1-5 min) on the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in broth treated with low concentration electrolyzed see more water (LcEW). Reductions of 1.44-7.12 log CFU/mL were observed in different combinations of the 3 factors. Also, a quadratic equation for S. aureus inactivation kinetic was developed by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology. The predicted values were shown to be significantly in good agreement with experimental values as a result of the level of significance was p<0.0001. Besides, the developed model was validated by fitting with literature data and the results showed that the predictions had a good agreement with the observed data with a satisfied determination of coefficient Selleckchem DZNeP (R-2=0.963).”
“Background: Sertoli cells (SC) have immunomodulative properties, and chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) can optimize the

systemic immunomodulatory effect by guiding SC from the periphery to the secondary lymphoid organs.

Methods: The effect of immortalized neonatal porcine SC (NPSCi) was evaluated by analysis of cytokine levels. Hyporesponsiveness to donor cells was determined by MLC and analysis of splenocyte phenotypes using a murine allogeneic skin graft model. The effect of CCR7-expressing NPSCi (NPSCi-CCR7) combined with cobra venom factor (CVF) was evaluated using a heterotopically transplanted murine allogeneic heart model.

Results: Expression of immune cytokines was markedly modulated by NPSCi. The lymphocyte proliferation and splenocyte phenotypes were significantly suppressed by NPSCi-CCR7. Although pre-transplantation of NPSCi or NPSCi-CCR7 did not prolong graft survival of allogeneic cardiac grafts, CVF treatment facilitated pre-transplantation of NPSCi-CCR7 to prolong survival of allogeneic cardiac grafts (25.5 +/- 7.05 vs 9.5 +/- 0.58 days, p < 0.01).