Through this report, we aim to inform clinicians about the possibility of encountering T solium infection among resettled refugees from Burma. We present two clinical cases of NCC occurring in a single family along with results of

the ensuing household investigation. We then discuss public health implications and areas for further research. A 46-year-old ethnic Karen female developed severe debilitating occipital headache during transit to the United States from a refugee camp in Thailand, and within days of receiving 400 mg oral albendazole for presumptive intestinal roundworm infection. Her persistent headache was noted during post-arrival health screening but no follow-up was arranged. Six months after arrival the intensity of headache increased, she suffered a generalized tonic-clonic Ceritinib seizure and was hospitalized under intensive care. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed innumerous cystic AG-014699 ic50 intraparenchymal lesions with extensive surrounding inflammation (Figure 1). Serum was positive on enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB LLGP, CDC Parasitology Diagnostics Laboratory) for antibodies against T solium cyst glycoproteins and stool was negative on light microscopy for Taenia eggs or proglottids. She was treated with praziquantel and high-dose corticosteroids and was discharged on antiepileptic medication. Her

treatment has been complicated by difficult to control epilepsy, multiple readmissions, and significant short-term memory deficit. A public health investigation ensued in which all household members (n = 7) were screened for taeniasis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for stool coproantigens and EITB for serum antibodies against recombinant antigen

rES33. All laboratory procedures were completed at the CDC Parasitology Diagnostics Laboratory. The patient’s husband had serum antibodies against rES33 but his stool was negative for tapeworm antigens. This was interpreted as evidence of cleared intestinal infection; therefore treatment for taeniasis was not given. Stool and serum screening tests for taeniasis were negative for all other LY294002 household members. Household members were also screened for symptoms suggestive of NCC. After multiple household visits, the family disclosed that the patient’s 7-year-old son had a 3-year history of recurring tonic-clonic seizures not reported during post-arrival health screening. The boy was referred for evaluation, placed on antiepileptic therapy, and subsequently diagnosed with NCC. Computerized tomography (CT) revealed three parenchymal calcifications and serum EITB LLGP was negative for T solium cysticercosis. Antiparasitic treatment was not given as there was no evidence of infection with viable cysts. The ongoing resettlement of refugees from Burma to communities where advanced diagnostic infrastructure is widely available has highlighted the presence of T solium infection in this population.