This notion, however, has not been tested by randomized controlled trials. The aim of the check details present study was, for the first time, to conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of tonsillectomy in IgAN. Methods: This multicenter

study was conducted between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2010 in 18 university or community hospitals located in major cities across Japan. Patients with biopsy-proven IgAN, proteinuria of 1.0–3.5 g/day and serum creatinine equal to or less than 1.5 mg/dl were randomly allocated to tonsillectomy combined with steroid pulses (Group A) or steroid pulses alone (Group B). The primary endpoints were the rate of change in urinary protein excretion during 12 months of the observation period, and the frequency of the disappearance of proteinuria and/or haematuria

after 12 months. The secondary endpoints were a change in eGFR from baseline, the frequencies of a 100% increase in serum creatinine from baseline, a 50% decrease in eGFR from baseline, indications for renal replacement therapy, and adverse effects. selleck compound library Data were subjected to intension-to-treat analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses

were also performed to examine the impact of tonsillectomy, renal function, blood pressure, urinary protein excretion and the use of rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors at baseline on achieving the disappearance of proteinuria, haematuria or both at study completion. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled, and 40 were allocated to each group. Seven and one patients in Group A Progesterone and Group B, respectively, were found not meet inclusion criteria or withdrew consent. During 12 months from baseline, the percentage decrease in urinary protein excretion was significantly larger in Group A than Group B (mixed effects model, p < 0.05). Although the frequency of the disappearance of proteinuria after 12 months was also higher in Group A (63%) compared to Group B (39%), the difference did not show the statistical significance (p = 0.052). The frequency of the disappearance of haematuria or both proteinuria and haematuria was not significantly different between Group A and Group B (68% vs 64%, and 47% vs 28%, respectively).