The mean age was 35.1 years. The male:female ratio was 1:1. At the time of renal biopsy, mean VS-4718 nmr proteinuria was 1.32 ± 1.50 (SD) g/day. Severe proteinuria (>3.5 g/day) was observed in 10 patients (4.8 %). During the follow-up period, 154 (74.0 %) of the 208 patients were given ACEIs or ARBs. Among the four therapy groups, there were significant differences in eGFR (P = 0.001),

proteinuria (P < 0.001), the dialysis induction risk (P = 0.001), and observation period (P < 0.001). No difference was observed in the sex ratio, age, hematuria, and use of ACEIs or ARBs. eGFR was significantly lower in the TSP group than in the T and TOS groups. Proteinuria was significantly higher in both TOS and TSP selleck products groups than in the T and N groups. The distribution of patients for dialysis induction risk was selleck compound significantly different among the four groups, with the T and TOS groups having more patients with low risk than the TSP groups. Table 4 (a) Baseline characteristics and (b) distribution of 208 patients with IgA nephropathy   T group TOS group TSP group N group P value Total (a)  Number of patients 56 33 47 72   208  Sex (male/female) 27/29 17/16 20/27 40/32 0.568 104/104  Age (years)

32.7 ± 13.5 31.4 ± 11.1 34.4 ± 11.0 39.1 ± 15.3 0.250 35.1 ± 13.7  Serum creatinine (mg/dl) 0.85 ± 0.30 0.80 ± 0.20 1.03 ± 0.43 1.04 ± 0.55 0.380 0.95 ± 0.43  eGFR (ml/min) 84.4 ± 27.5 86.5 ± 24.1 67.8 ± 26.7* 72.0 ± 32.3 0.001 76.7 ± 29.6  Proteinuria (g/day) 1.05 ± 1.35 1.71 ± 1.46** 1.87 ± 2.12** 0.98 ± 0.86 <0.001 1.32 ± 1.50  Hematuria 3.4 ± 1.1 3.7 ± 0.6 3.4 ± 1.0 3.2 ± 1.1 0.373 3.4 ± 1.0  Dialysis induction risk (low:moderate:high:very high) 17:29:5:5 3:27:2:1 5:19:9:14* 18:23:17:14 0.001 43:98:33:34  Hypertension (yes/no) 75.0 Atezolizumab (42/14) 81.8 (27/6) 78.7 (37/10) 79.2 (57/15) 0.888 74.0

(163/45)  Use of ACEIs or ARBs (%) (use/no use) 69.6 (39/17) 78.8 (26/7) 76.6 (36/11) 73.6 (53/19) 0.774 74.0 (154/54)  Observation period (months) 102.9 ± 51.4 122.0 ± 50.0 53.8 ± 38.1*** 84.6 ± 56.8 <0.001 88.5 ± 55.3  Median (months) 100 (24–288) 108 (40–208) 42 (18–204)*** 66 (18–258)****   76 (18–288) (b)  Histological grade (I:II:III:IV) 40:10:4:2 24:8:1:0 15:14:11:7* 37:15:11:9 <0.001 116:47:27:18  Clinical grade (I:II:III) 18:29:9 3:27:3 8:20:19† 22:25:25 0.048 51:101:56  Histological activity (A:A/C:C) 5:10:41‡ 5:16:12 2:36:9 2:21:49‡ <0.001 14:83:111 Data shown as mean ± SD or frequencies. Hematuria were converted into scores as (−) to 0, (±) to 1, (1 +) to 2, (2 +) to 3, and (3 +) to 4. N group patients received neither tonsillectomy nor steroid therapy eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.