The hamstrings contributed the majority of the terminal swing hip extension and knee flexion torques, whilst gluteus maximus contributed most of the stance phase hip extension torque. Gastrocnemius contributed little to the terminal swing knee flexion torque. Peak hamstrings force was also substantially
greater during terminal swing compared to stance for sprinting, but not for walking and jogging. Immediately following the muscle strain injury, the hamstrings demonstrated an intolerance to perform an eccentric-type contraction. Whilst peak hamstrings force during terminal swing did not decrease post-injury, both peak hamstrings length and negative work during terminal swing were considerably reduced. These results lend support to the paradigm that the hamstrings are most susceptible to muscle strain injury during the terminal swing phase of sprinting when they are contracting eccentrically. selleck kinase inhibitor (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Tension-compression fatigue test
was performed on 0.45% C steel specimens. Normal and tangential components of magnetic memory testing signals, H https://www.selleckchem.com/products/anlotinib-al3818.html (p)(y) and H (p)(x) signals, with their characteristics, K of H (p)(y) and H (p)(x)(M) of H (p)(x), throughout the fatigue process were presented and analyzed. Abnormal peaks of H (p)(y) and peak of H (p)(x) reversed after loading; H (p)(y) curves rotated clockwise and H (p)(x) curves elevated significantly with the increase of fatigue cycle number at the first a few fatigue cycles, both H (p)(y) and H (p)(x) curves were stable after that, the amplitude of abnormal peaks of H (p)(y) and peak value of H (p)(x) increased more quickly after fatigue crack initiation. Abnormal peaks of H (p)(y) and peak of H (p)(x) at the notch reversed again after failure. The characteristics were found to exhibit consistent tendency in the whole fatigue life and behave differently in different stages of fatigue. In initial and crack
developing stages, the characteristics increased significantly due to dislocations increase and crack propagation, LY2157299 in vitro respectively. In stable stage, the characteristics remained constant as a result of dislocation blocking, K value ranged from 20 to 30 A/(m center dot mm)(-1), and H (p)(x)(M) ranged from 270 to 300 A/m under the test parameters in this work. After failure, both abnormal peaks of H (p)(y) and peak of H (p)(x) reversed, K value was 133 A/(m center dot mm)(-1) and H (p)(x)(M) was -640 A/m. The results indicate that the characteristics of H (p)(y) and H (p)(x) signals were related to the accumulation of fatigue, so it is feasible and applicable to monitor fatigue damage of ferromagnetic components using metal magnetic memory testing (MMMT).”
“Epigenetic regulation is directed, in part, by the correlated placement of histone post-translational modifications, but the mechanisms controlling correlated modifications are incompletely understood.