Results revealed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited a more pronounced learning deficit for M-biased relative to P-biased stimuli. In aMCI, there were similar memory deficits for both types of stimuli. Orientation discrimination for M- and P-biased stimuli was intact in both groups of patients. The number of errors in the M-biased memory condition significantly and inversely correlated with the volume of the right hippocampus in schizophrenia. These results suggest an interaction between M-biased perceptual processing
and short-term relational memory in schizophrenia, which may be associated with the structural alteration of the right hippocampus. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights Epigenetic Reader Domain inhibitor reserved.”
“The effects of pre-conditioning administration of anxiolytic benzodiazepines on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and on the acquisition of attenuation of neophobia (AN) were investigated in C57BL/6 mice.
A CTA was induced by injecting lithium chloride (LiCl; 6 mEq (.) kg(-1)) 30 min after the animal had imbibed a novel 0.5% saccharin solution. In other animals, neophobia was attenuated by a single access to the novel 0.5% saccharin solution, followed only by injection of saline.
Pre-conditioning administration of chlordiazepoxide
(CDZ; 6-24 mg (.) kg(-1), i.p.) and alprazolam (0.3-1 mg (.) kg(-1), p.o.) resulted in a CTA that did not differ initially from that observed in vehicle-treated controls, but which showed faster extinction. The acquisition of AN PRT062607 was
impaired only after the higher doses of CDZ (12-24 mg (.) kg(-1), i.p.) or alprazolam (1 mg (.) kg(-1), i.p.). The results show that in this test, altered acquisition of an aversive CTA memory by anxiolytic benzodiazepines is reflected in more rapid extinction. Moreover, at low doses, these drugs showed selectivity for weakening CTA learning compared to AN learning. Evidence is discussed that selective weakening of aversive memory formation is a clinically relevant effect of anxiolytic benzodiazepines.”
“bjectives: Sleeve lobectomy was introduced for patients with lung cancer whose pulmonary reserve was inadequate for pneumonectomy. However, the safety and survival benefits of wedge bronchoplastic lobectomy as an alternative Evofosfamide solubility dmso to sleeve lobectomy have not been thoroughly studied. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and oncologic results of wedge bronchoplastic lobectomy for lung cancer.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 191 patients who underwent wedge bronchoplastic lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection from 2001 to 2009.
Results: There were 174 male patients with a mean age of 61.8 +/- 8.2 years. The median follow-up duration was 28 months. Nine patients showed severe postoperative complications: bronchopleural fistulas (n = 3), necrosis at the bronchoplasty site (n = 1), or obstruction (n = 5).