Results: From 2001 to 2007, 158 patients underwent surgical reconstruction involving the pararenal aorta through a midline abdominal incision. Renal perfusion Selumetinib was started in 2006 and was always attempted if suprarenal clamping was anticipated preoperatively. Twenty-six patients received renal perfusion, and 132 also requiring suprarenal clamping did not. Of the latter, 109 were included in the control group. Five patients died <= 30 days (3.7%), one

in the perfusion group. On average, there was a postoperative loss of renal performance in both groups. Dialysis was required postoperatively in 13 patients without renal perfusion, 4 of them long term (3.7%), but not in patients with renal perfusion. The reduction in glomerular filtration rate at 10 days in the nonperfused group was significantly higher than in the perfused group (7.24 vs 0.89 mL/min) despite a significantly longer suprarenal clamp time in the latter (25.5 vs 45.5 minutes). Multivariate analysis showed a significant reduction in the loss of glomerular filtration rate with perfusion

(P =.007) if clamp time Selleck BTSA1 and preoperative renal function were taken into account. Patients with preoperative renal impairment showed the greatest benefit from the perfusion.

Conclusion: The setup for renal perfusion with venous blood during suprarenal clamping was simple and safe. Perfusion significantly reduced the reduction of renal function in the immediate postoperative period, suggesting that clamp time may thus be safely be extended to allow for complex reconstruction click here of the pararenal aortic segment. The benefit was most marked

for patients with preoperative renal impairment.”
“Contextual stimuli present during a single lifetime cocaine self-administration experience acquire occasion-setting actions sufficient to persistently elicit cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, with effects lasting nearly 1 year. The goal of this study was to identify neural substrates mediating the acquisition of drug-related conditioning taking place during a single cocaine self-administration experience with focus on the subicular formation, a brain site that has been implicated in associative learning relevant for conditioned reward-seeking including conditioned reinstatement. Male Wistar rats were given 2 h of response-contingent access to intravenous cocaine or saline in the presence of distinct stimuli that served as contextual stimuli associated with the availability and subjective effects of cocaine (S+) vs saline (S-). Before onset of the sessions, rats received bilateral microinjections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) into the ventral subiculum (VSUB) or dorsal subiculum (DSUB).