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“Background The bacterial flagellum is an apparatus that projects outward from the cell membrane, and employs rotation of a flexible filament attached to a universal joint (the hook) for propulsion. The flagellum is made up of four components: the of basal body, which houses the flagellar rotary motor and export apparatus; the rod, which spans the periplasm, peptidoglycan, and outer membrane; the hook, which acts as a universal joint; and the filament, which acts as the propulsion device (reviewed in [1, 2]). In order to construct a functional flagellum, the constituent proteins must first be synthesized in the cytoplasm and then be transported to their site of incorporation in a temporally and spatially regulated manner. A specialized Type III secretion system called the flagellar export apparatus is used to transport the individual components of the flagellum across the two cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria [1].