Indeed, as has been very well documented by the WFH even a fundamental level of clinical care is only available to approximately 25% of patients with these conditions worldwide. Thus, any expectation ICG-001 chemical structure that research into these conditions should permeate routine clinical care is praiseworthy, but faces an inevitable reality of lack of time, expertise and funding. In addition to the pragmatic challenges facing research into these disorders, as discussed above, it is also important to highlight that this facet of medicine requires a distinct set of abilities that are not necessarily

required to provide excellent clinical care. Most obviously, the research process requires initiation by the investigator, whereas most clinical care is initiated by the patient. In research, questions are posed and, depending upon their novelty and feasibility, answers may be derived that very often drive a subsequent round of questions, and so the research cycle continues. The other factor that differentiates research and clinical care is the concept of peer review. While clinical care is informally regulated by one’s health professional peers, and there is an increasing adherence to evidence-based standards of care, the formality of peer-review to which

most research is subjected is quite different. At least in principle, the peer-review process aims to ensure that only the most relevant, innovative, feasible and ethical research is supported and its results subsequently communicated, although as with all such systems, peer review is not infallible. Furthermore, Romidepsin price when resources are limited, as has increasingly become the case in the past 2–3 years, the ability of peer review to differentiate research that merits support from that which is less deserving has been severely MCE challenged. As the range of health care professional involved in the clinical care of individuals with bleeding disorders has increased, so has the diversity of research that is now being undertaken in this and other fields of medicine. This diversification of research now provides opportunities

for professionals from a range of backgrounds to engage in research, a situation that promises to enhance knowledge and potential clinical benefit across a broad spectrum of bleeding disorder issues. Biomedical research refers to what is probably the most traditional research field in which investigators examine basic molecular and cellular processes either through the application of in vitro methodologies or increasingly through the use of animal models of biology and disease. Examples of biomedical research in the bleeding disease field would include the development of enhanced forms of factor VIII for the treatment of haemophilia A and the characterization of genetic defects resulting in von Willebrand’s disease.