In particular, activity in right frontal regions known to be related to intrinsic alertness could serve as a selleck chemical possible mechanism relating alpha to attention allocation. These findings point to a notable contribution of the alpha rhythm to cognitive processes in general, more in line with the inhibition hypothesis than with the idle hypothesis, and put forward the involvement of

alpha in top-down processes as a possible prerequisite to its known function in sensory bottom-up processing. We would like to thank the ISEF foundation and Tel Aviv University’s office for inter-academic affairs for their assistance. This study was supported by the Israeli Science Foundation converging technologies grant (ISF-1747/07 Apoptosis Compound Library clinical trial to T.H) and by the EU ACTIVE grant (FP7-ICT-2009-270460 to T.H). Please note that Dr Hadas Okon Singer is currently

at the Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel. “
“Visual scenes explored covertly are initially represented in a retinal frame of reference (FOR). On the other hand, ‘later’ stages of the cortical network allocating spatial attention most probably use non-retinal or non-eye-centred representations as they may ease the integration of different sensory modalities for the formation of supramodal representations of space. We tested if the cortical areas involved in shifting covert attention are based on MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit eye-centred or non-eye-centred coding by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were scanned while detecting a target item (a regularly oriented ‘L’) amidst a set of distractors (rotated ‘L’s). The array was centred either 5° right or left of the fixation point, independent of eye-gaze orientation, the latter varied in three steps: straight

relative to the head, 10° left or 10° right. A quantitative comparison of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses for the three eye-gaze orientations revealed stronger BOLD responses in the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the right frontal eye field (FEF) for search in the contralateral (i.e. left) eye-centred space, independent of whether the array was located in the right or left head-centred hemispace. The left IPS showed the reverse pattern, i.e. an activation by search in the right eye-centred hemispace. In other words, the IPS and the right FEF, members of the cortical network underlying covert search, operate in an eye-centred FOR. A remarkable feature of vision is the capacity to assign priority to certain objects in the visual scene, while ignoring others (Desimone & Duncan, 1995; Egeth & Yantis, 1997). Deploying spatial attention to a particular element of the scene during visual search is a reflection of changing the priority of this element in a salience map (Koch & Ullman, 1985; Itti & Koch, 2001), encoding the location and behavioural relevance of objects.