Data from comprehensive exposure studies as well as from authorities are available for the most important cosmetic spray groups – deodorants and hairsprays – such as the COLIPA study which reviewed use data from 124.100 European households and more than 32,470 individuals (Hall et al., 2007 and Hall et al.,

2011) and the Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS, 2010) or the European Commission (European Commission, 1996). These data can be used as default data and extrapolated to other product types. Table 1 shows conservative default data on calculated daily exposure based on a probabilistic approach. These values can be considered for category-specific defaults. Inhalation uptake via the airways may be estimated from the concentration of ingredients in ambient air and human respiratory volumes. Only the proportion of the spray that distributes into the ambient Akt inhibitor air is in the breathing zone of the consumer and relevant for inhalation exposure. Bremmer et al. assumed that 85% of sprayed hairsprays will end up as intended on the hair and head (Bremmer et al., 2006a). The

duration of inhalation exposure may be assumed to be 10–20 min in a worst-case scenario. Duration of exposure is likely much shorter and RIVM (Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) quoted an exposure Erastin molecular weight duration of 5 min for hair sprays and deodorants (Bremmer et al., 2006a). For hair sprays during the first 2 min post-application, the spray distributes in a facial/body near cloud of approximate 1–2 m3 around the user. Within the subsequent 18 min, a distribution into a 10 m3 air volume can be assumed. This volume corresponds roughly to the size of a standard

bathroom (Bremmer et al., 2006b). For a conservative estimate of the Systemic Exposure Amobarbital Dose (SED) from a given ingredient of the spray in mg/kg b.w./d the parameters described in Table 2 can be applied. In Table 2 as well the abbreviations used below are explained. Thus, the substance amount (EA) for relevant exposure may be calculated according to the following Eq. (1), taking into account the sprayed amount (A), the concentration of the ingredient in the final formulation (C), the proportion of non-propellant spray in the formulation (P) and the airborne fraction (AF): equation(1) EA [g]=A [g]×C [%]×P [%]× AF [%]EA [g]=A [g]×C [%]×P [%]× AF [%] The potential amount that may be inhaled during the first 2 min (IA1) may be estimated with the following Eq. (2), taking into account the breathing rate (BR), distribution volume (V1) at exposure time (t1): equation(2) IA1 [mg]=(EA [mg]/V1 [l])×BR [l/min]×t1 [min]IA1 [mg]=(EA [mg]/V1 [l])×BR [l/min]×t1 [min] The potential amount that may be inhaled during the subsequent 18 min (IA2) may be estimated using the following Eq.