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“Ground glass opacity (GGO) on thin-section computed tomography (CT) has been reported to be a favourable prognostic marker learn more in lung cancer, and the size or area of GGO is commonly used for preoperative evaluation. However, it can sometimes be difficult to evaluate the status of GGO.
A retrospective study was conducted on 572 consecutive patients with resected lung cancer of clinical stage IA between 2004 and 2011. All patients underwent preoperative CT and their radiological findings were
reviewed. The areas of consolidation and GGO were evaluated for all lung cancers. Lung cancers were divided into three categories on the basis of the status of GGO: GGO, part solid and pure solid. Lung cancers in which it was difficult to measure GGO were selected and their clinicopathological features were investigated.
Seventy-one (12.4%) patients had lung cancer in whom it was difficult to measure GGO. In all these cases, consolidation selleck screening library and GGO were not easily measured because of their scattered distribution. In this cohort, nodal metastases were not observed at all. The frequency of other pathological factors,
such as lymphatic and/or vascular invasion, was significantly lower (P < 0.0001).
This new category of lung cancer with scattered consolidation on thin-section CT scan tended to be pathologically less invasive. When lung cancer has GGO and is difficult to measure because of a scattered distribution, its prognosis could be favourable regardless of the area of GGO. This new category Luminespib cell line could be useful for the preoperative evaluation of lung cancer.”
“Background The effect of weight loss by bariatric surgery on gonadal hormones in morbidly obese males is not entirely known. The main objective of the study was to analyze
gonadal hormonal changes after weight loss.
Methods An observational study was conducted before and after 12 months of weight loss at a clinical research center. Thirty-three men [age 40.5 +/- 9.9, body mass index (BMI) 50.3 +/- 6.1 kg/m(2)] undergoing bariatric surgery were included. The main outcome measures were as follows: changes in total (TT) and free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, and prolactin (PRL).
Results Baseline prevalence of hypogonadism (defined by TT < 300 ng/dl or FT < 65 pg/ml) was 78.8 and 51.5 %, respectively. Hypogonadal patients were older and showed inhibin B and AMH significantly lower than those with normal TT. BMI correlated negatively with TT, LH, and SHBG. Regression analyses showed a significant and independent association of hypogonadism with age (OR = 1.2, p = 0.01), BMI (OR = 1.3, p = 0.03), and AMH (OR = 0.4, p = 0.03) after adjustments.