After excluding a Cre-independent contribution by tamoxifen, we found that Cre induced myocardial fibrosis, activation of pro-fibrotic genes and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Examination of the molecular mechanisms showed activation of DNA damage response signaling and p53 stabilization in the absence 4EGI-1 in vivo of loxP sites, suggesting that Cre induced illegitimate DNA breaks. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was also induced by expressing Cre using adenoviral transduction, indicating that the effect was not dependent on genomic integration of the transgene. Cre-mediated homologous recombination at loxP

sites was dose-dependent and had a ceiling effect at similar to 80% of cardiomyocytes showing recombination.

By titrating the amount of tamoxifen to maximize recombination while minimizing animal lethality, we determined that 30 mu g tamoxifen/g body weight/day injected on three consecutive days is the optimal condition for the alpha MHC-MerCreMer system to induce recombination in the Rosa26-lacZ Selleck 5-Fluoracil strain. Our results further highlight the importance of experimental design, including the use of appropriate genetic controls for Cre expression.”
“Suicidal behavior is a multifactorial phenomenon, with a significant genetic predisposition. To assess the contribution of genes in the 4p region to suicide risk, we genotyped 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms from a 49Mb region on the chromosome arm 4p11-16 in a total of 288 male suicide victims and 327 healthy male volunteers. The nonsynonymous variants rs1383180 in EVC gene, rs6811863 in TBC1D1 gene, rs362272 in HTT gene, and rs734312 in WFS1 gene were associated to the male completed suicide. However, only EVC polymorphism remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons (P < .05 after 10 K permutations). The function of these genes is not clear yet. WFS1 and HTT are related to the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and TBC1D1 is a GTPase activator. EVC is a

protein with transmembrane and leucine zipper domains, its function has not been elucidated yet. Further studies are required in order buy AZD9291 to reveal the role of these four polymorphisms in the pathoetiology of suicide.”
“Tissue banks constitute decisive and rate-limiting resource and technology platforms for basic and translational biomedical research, notably in the area of cancer. Thus, it is essential to plan and structure tissue banking and allocate resources according to research needs, but essential requirements are still incompletely defined. The tissue bank of the National Center of Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT) was founded with the intention to provide tissues of optimal quality and to prioritize the realization of research projects.