59; 95% CI, 0.81-3.13; P = .18), morbidity (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.86-1.66; P = .28), or medication failure (OR, 0.57, 95% CI, 0.3-1.10; P = .10) between the high-and low-volume surgeons (< 87). After adjustment for both the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score and the propensity score, no association was found for either hospital or surgeon volume with mortality or morbidity. However, a lack of compliance with National Quality Forum measures was highly predictive of morbidity (OR, 1.51;

95% CI, 1.18-1.93; P = .001), regardless of volume, even after adjustment for predicted risk.

Conclusions: In the setting of a university-based community hospital quality improvement program, excellent surgical results can consistently be obtained even in relatively Ulixertinib solubility dmso low-volume programs. The surgical outcomes were not associated with program or surgeon volume, but were directly correlated with the focus on quality as manifested by compliance with evidence-based quality standards. Meaningful university affiliation might represent a newquality paradigm for cardiac surgery in the community hospital setting. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:287-93)”
“3′-Fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography

(PET) has been proposed for imaging thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition. Agents that target TS and shut down de novo synthesis of thymidine monophosphate increase the uptake and retention of FLT in vitro and in vivo because of a compensating increase in the salvage pathway. Increases in both thymidine kinase-1 (TK1) and the equilibrative nucleoside transporter hENT1 have been reported PF-573228 solubility dmso to underlie this effect We examined whether the effects of one TS inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), on FLT uptake require proliferating ARN-509 price cells and whether the effects are limited to increasing TK1 activity.

Methods: The effects of 5FU on FLT transport and metabolism. TK1 activity, and cell cycle progression were evaluated in the human tumor cell line, A549, maintained as either a proliferating or non-proliferating culture.

Results: There were dose-dependent increases in FLT uptake that peaked after

a 10 mu M 5FU exposure and then declined to baseline levels or below at higher doses in both proliferating and non-proliferating cultures. The dose-dependence for FLT uptake was mirrored by changes in TK1 activity. S phase fraction did not correlate with FLT uptake in proliferating cultures. Chemical inhibition of hENT1 reduced overall levels of FLT uptake but did not affect the low dose increase in FLT uptake.

Conclusions: 5FU only affects FLT uptake in proliferating A549 cells and increases in FLT uptake are directly related to increased TK1 activity. Our studies did not support a role for hENT1 in the increased uptake of FLT after exposure to 5FU. Our studies with A549 cells support the suggestion that FLT-PET could provide a measure of TS inhibition in vivo. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background.