, 2007). To date, two transposons (Tn4351 and Tn4400) have been used for generation of random mutations in BF. However, each has certain drawbacks. A Tn4351 transposon derivative (used for BF, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and related bacteria) Ku 0059436 may integrate

into the genomic DNA along with its vector, thereby complicating the molecular characterization of the mutated gene (Shoemaker et al., 1986; Chen et al., 2000a). In addition, mutants generated by Tn4351 can contain multiple Tn4351 insertions, which further hinder characterization of the mutants (Shoemaker et al., 1986). A modified Tn4400 transposon vector pYT646B (Tang & Malamy, 2000) generates mutants by inverse transposition; however, this transposon can also incorporate at multiple positions in a single mutant, potentially complicating further analysis (Chen et al., 2000b; Tang & Malamy, 2000). Ease of identifying the disrupted gene is also an important factor in the utility Epacadostat mouse of these transposons. Tn4400 has a HindIII site within the transposon sequence, so that sequences flanking IS4400R (right inverted repeat) can be identified by self-ligation of HindIII-digested genomic DNA of the mutant and subsequent rescue cloning and sequencing. However, retrieving the gene

fragment adjacent to the IS4400L (left inverted repeat) is more difficult because of the lack of appropriate restriction enzymes (Tang & Malamy, 2000). Owing to the restrictions and drawbacks in the existing systems, we sought to develop an alternative, efficient, and reliable transposon tool for BF that would allow easy downstream identification and sequencing of the mutated gene. Casein kinase 1 The EZ::TN5 transposome (EPICENTRE® Biotechnologies, Madison, WI) is an alternative genetic tool for transposon mutant library construction. The EZ::TN5 transposome can be generated in vitro

using purified EZ::TN5 transposase and a DNA fragment (usually antibiotic cassette) flanked by inverted repeats. This system provides an efficient and reliable method of inserting transposon DNA into the genome of many different microorganisms (http://www.epibio.com). This study reports the development of a simple EZ::TN5-based approach for transposon mutagenesis in BF. Mutants generated by this method contain a single mutation, and the mutated gene can be easily identified by either rescue cloning or semi-random primer (SRP) analysis. This improved mutagenesis method will optimize the creation of transposon mutant libraries for the use in ascribing function to specific genes in BF. All strains were grown as described (Pumbwe et al., 2005). Escherichia coli Top10 (Invitrogen, NY) was used as the host for cloning. Ampicillin (Amp) (100 μg mL−1), erythromycin (Erm) (10 μg mL−1), kanamycin (40 μg mL−1), and gentamycin (40 μg mL−1) were used for selection as indicated. DNA preparation, restriction digestions, gel electrophoresis, and analysis were performed as previously described (Pumbwe et al., 2006b).