1 μg L−1). This ability remained stable after the fungus was cultured for five generations. The other three ts PCR positive isolates only produced traces of taxol. The isolate SBU-16 (Fig. 4) was identified based on its morphological characteristics as well as ITS rDNA gene sequencing. Colonies on PCA are effuse, pale brown, and do not sporulate abundantly. The mycelium is septate and pale brown. Conidiophores are solitary, occasionally short-branched, pale brown to brown, smooth, 1–4-septate, 14–110 × 3–5.0 μm, cylindrical,

and at the apex swollen to 6–8 μm. Conidia develop singly and almost entirely through a narrow pore at the apex of each conidiophore, medium brown, oblong to oblong-ellipsoid, subtruncate at the apex, rounded or subtruncate at the base, straight or slightly curved, with 1–3 AG-014699 chemical structure transverse septa, and usually distinctly constricted in the

middle, 0–3 longitudinal or oblique septa, 15–30 × 12–18 μm (av. 21.84 × 14.06 μm), L/W ratio is 1.4–2.16 (av. 2.0) dark, and thin-walled. Ascomata develop in large numbers within PCA and PDA and on the firm base of an alfalfa stem on the PCA, but they contain immature asci (Fig. 4a). Isolate SBU-16 exhibits the key morphological characters of Stemphylium, including the proliferation and swollen apical cell or region of the conidiophores (Simmons, 1967, 1969) as well as morphological characters of Stemphylium sedicola (Simmons, 2001). Percurrently proliferating conidiophores are recognized as the principal morphological characteristic that clearly distinguishes Stemphylium from two similar genera, Ulocladium and Palbociclib Alternaria (Wang et al., 2010). Although the

identification of Stemphylium species is based principally on morphological characteristics of conidium and conidiophores, many of these characters often overlap among species, making species determinations difficult (Leach & Aragaki, 1970). In addition, the systematic position of the isolate Cediranib (AZD2171) SBU-16 was estimated by a sequence comparison of the ITS region with other species of the genus Stemphylium from the GenBank. Sequences of the SBU-16 in the ITS region were 530 bp. An online blast search of the ITS gene sequence of the SBU-16 isolate exhibited 99% similarity with several species of the genus Stemphylium and uncultured endophytic fungi. Evolutionary distances were calculated for a dataset that consisted of the sequences of the SBU-16 isolate and other species of the genus Stemphylium. The ITS neighbor-joining tree (Fig. 5) was reconstructed on the basis of the obtained distance matrix data. Finally, according to the evolutionary distance and morphological characters, isolate SBU-16 was identified as S. sedicola SBU-16. DNA sequence data are now commonly used to test morphological concepts and other taxonomic hypotheses (Hunter et al., 2006). The ITS DNA sequence is a widely accepted DNA marker for identifying fungi (Nguyen & Seifert, 2008).