The mean serum T levels (total, free and bioavailable) were higher in Leuven than Manchester while the total, free and bioavailable E2 levels were lower. There was no difference in SHBG levels in the two centres. Table 2 Sex hormone descriptives: by centre Variable Manchester N = 339
Leuven N = 389 Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Testosterone (nmol/L) 17.3 (6.2) 18.6 (5.9)* Free testosterone (pmol/L) 306.1 (91.1) 324.8 (88.6)* Bioavailable testosterone (nmol/L) 7.6 (2.3) 8.2 (2.3)* Oestradiol https://www.selleckchem.com/products/prt062607-p505-15-hcl.html (pmol/L) 80.4 (25.7) 73.5 (24.2)* Free oestradiol (pmol/L) 1.4 (0.4) 1.2 (0.4)* Bioavailable oestradiol (pmol/L) 56.4 (18.0) 51.2 (17.0)* SHBG (nmol/L) 42.0 (18.2) 43.7 (19.2) MG-132 ic50 Reference range in healthy men aged 18–29 years for total testosterone measured by mass spectroscopy (MS) is 9–42 nmol/L and for calculated free testosterone 146–555 pmol/L [36]. There are at present no published reference ranges for oestradiol measured by MS in healthy
young men. Reference range in healthy men aged 20 years for SHBG measured by immunoassay is 13–53 nmol/L [37] *p < 0.05 Age-related variations in bone mass and geometry At the 50% midshaft site, lower cortical BMD, BMC, thickness and muscle area, and greater medullary area were decreased with age. There were no age-related variations in bone strength as assessed by SSI, (Table 3, Fig. 1) at either study centre. There were small though non-significant increases in bone area with age. At the distal radius, there was a negative association of both trabecular and total BMD with age in both O-methylated flavonoid centres, Fig. 1. Table 3 Influence of age on pQCT parameters at the radius: by centre Manchester Leuven β co-efficienta (95% CI) % change/year β co-efficienta (95% CI) % change/year Midshaft radius Cortical BMD −1.210 (−1.573, −0.846)* −0.107
−0.894 (−1.225, −0.562)* −0.077 Cortical BMC −0.290 (−0.462, −0.119)* −0.271 −0.260 (−0.414, −0.108)* −0.208 Total area 0.176 (−0.032, 0.384) 0.119 0.060 (−0.142, 0.261) 0.040 Cortical thickness −0.010 (−0.014, −0.005)* −0.319 −0.007 (−0.010, −0.003)* −0.219 Medullary area 0.310 (0.147, 0.473)* 0.824 0.206 (0.036, 0.375)* 0.471 this website Stress strain index −0.022 (−0.637, 0.593) −0.021 −0.510 (−1.114, 0.094) −0.148 CSMAb −20.561 (−26.464, −14.658)* −0.567 −14.763 (−19.908, −9.618)* −0.394 Distal radius Total density −1.847 (−2.498, −1.196)* −0.446 −1.665 (−2.157, −1.172)* −0.461 Total area 0.413 (−0.094, 0.921) 0.114 0.501 (−0.102, 1.103) 0.121 Trabecular density −0.676 (−1.137, −0.216)* −0.397 −0.452 (−0.825, −0.079)* −0.220 *p < 0.05 aChange in each pQCT parameter per 1 year increase in age bCross-sectional muscle area Fig. 1 a Association between cortical BMD at the midshaft radius and age: by centre.