Fig. 1 Renal survival (no development of end-stage renal failure) according to the four histologic categories in Japanese cohorts Comparison among evaluations buy Torin 1 of GN histological categories in Europe, China and Japan The predictive value and reproducibility of this new classification from Japan, Tozasertib clinical trial Europe and China were compared in a recent report [8]. As shown in Table 2, among the 100 respective patients (32 centers; Europe), 121 (1; China) and 87 (3; Japan), the GPA:MPA ratio was similar between Europe and China (39:61 and 49:64) in contrast to all MPA (0:87) in Japan. On the other hand, for serum ANCA positivity, MPO-ANCA positivity was dominant in China (89.1 %)

and Japan (87.4 %) compared to Europe (45 %), where there was relatively high PR3-ANCA positivity (47 %) compared with China and Japan (10.7 and 0 %, respectively). The average numbers of CYC202 price glomeruli per case were significantly higher both in Japan (26.5) and China (25.7) than in Europe

(14.8). The distribution of the four histological categories of GN were similar in Europe and China with crescentic cases being dominant (55 and 47 %, respectively), whereas in Japan, the number in this category was significantly lower (8.0 %). The probability of developing ESRD increased with the ascending categories of focal, crescentic, mixed, and sclerotic in Europe, and focal, mixed, crescentic and sclerotic in China. In Japan, as mentioned above, there was no increase of probability to ESRD in focal and mixed, but there was a high increased in sclerotic, as in Europe and China. Discussion The histopathological findings of AAV in the kidney are considered to show a variety

of lesions, of which crescentic and/or focal necrotizing GN as well as small-vessel arteritis are the most prominent [7]. In addition to the baseline Liothyronine Sodium laboratory data concerning renal lesions such as hematuria, proteinuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate with systemic inflammatory signs such as C-reactive protein and organ involvement symptoms such as hemoptysis, renal histological findings have been expected to give highly reliable information not only to select the treatment protocol but to predict the outcome at baseline. Trials for the global standardization of active and chronic pathological parameters specifically in AAV have been performed not only in EUVAS but also in Japan, where a higher prevalence of MPA than EUVAS has been recognized, although the AAV prevalence itself is almost the same [9]. As shown in Table 1, these parameters are common findings in AAV. Almost all parameters are common in EUVAS selection, so our Japanese standardization of clinicopathologically critical parameters in AAV seems to be globally fulfilled. The new classification of GN into four categories (focal, crescentic, mixed, sclerotic) by selecting some of the parameters of Berden et al.