aureus by nares cultures. Two participants in group I had nasal cultures that were positive for MSSA, and two in group II were positive for MRSA. Among the adult population evaluated, the majority of the S. aureus shed into the water was MSSA. No MRSA was detected from Group I adults. Two of the 10 adult bathers in Group II were colonized with MRSA, and the Group II pool water was the only water where MRSA

was detected. Water from the three cycles from Group II tested positive for MRSA using BP selection, and water from the two cycles were positive for MRSA using CHR selection. Normalizing the results by the 10 adult participants in group II, MRSA shedding on a per person basis was 1.4 × 104 CFU/person for cycle 1, 7.8 × 104 CFU/person APR-246 datasheet for cycle 3, and 1.0 × 105 CFU/person for cycle 4 as measured using BP selection; and HKI-272 ic50 6.5 × 104 CFU/person and 9.0 × 104 CFU/person for cycles 3 and 4, respectively, for Sorafenib samples evaluated using CHR selection. These values represent 15 to 20% of the total S. aureus observed in the pool water for Group II adults. Only one of the toddlers, subject T12, was determined to have nasal colonization with MSSA; however, 10 of the 14 (71%), including T12, had S. aureus isolated from their water samples. Thirteen of the subjects carried sufficient sand/sediment into the pool for evaluation; however, only 4 (31%) of these were

positive for MSSA, and this did not include subject T12 (Figure 2). All positive sand samples were associated with positive water samples, but Parvulin only 40% (4 of 10) of the positive water samples were associated with sand; therefore, the sand did not account for the majority of MSSA shed from the toddlers not known to be colonized. In fact, the sand sample from the only toddler determined to be colonized was negative for MSSA. No nasal cultures from toddlers were

positive for MRSA, and MRSA was not detected from any water or sediment samples from these participants. The lack of MRSA nasal colonization is consistent with the lack of MRSA in all of the sand and water samples from the toddler participants. Figure 2 S. aureus CFU/person shed in small pool with individual toddlers. Star indicates participant with MSSA colonization. Genetic characteristics SCC mec type, spa type and selected gene profiles (gyr A, mec A and pvl) are presented for all the MRSA isolated from colonized individuals (n = 2), and water samples (n = 15) and selected toxin gene profiles and spa type are presented for all MSSA from colonized individuals (n = 3) and for a representative sample of corresponding water isolates (n = 17) (Table 3). Among the MRSA, the 2 organisms isolated from the participants, and 12 of 15 of the MRSA from the water samples collected from the adult Group II study were identical by these analyses. The remaining 3 MRSA differed only in spa type.